Welfare to Workfare essays

Welfare to Workfare essays Welfare is a public assistance program that provides at least a minimum amount of economic security to people whose incomes are insufficient to maintain an adequate standard of living. These programs generally include such benefits as financial aid to individuals, subsidized medical care, and stamps that are used to purchase food. The modern U.S. welfare system dates back to the Great Depression of the 1930s. During the worst parts of the Depression, about one-fourth of the labor force was without work. More than two-thirds of all households would have been considered poor by today's standards. With a majority of the capable adult population experiencing severe financial misfortune, many Americans turned to the government for answers. In response, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt led a social and economic reform movement attacking the Depression. Part of his newly enacted New Deal program was the Social Security Act, enacted by Congress in 1935. This act and established a numbe r of social welfare programs, each designed to provide support for different segments of the population. Recently Roosevelts Social Welfare Program has become a topic of heated debate. Welfare has come a long way since Roosevelt, it was once a system that help those in need until they could get back on their feet, now welfare has turned into a system that feeds money to a group of people that have become to lazy to find work. Talk of replacing the old system with a welfare program that will emphasize putting welfare recipients to work has become very frequent. More and more stated are now beginning to adopt a welfare-to-work program, leaving other states to simply ponder about the idea of taking people off the system. Those in favor of welfare reform argue that a welfare-to-work program will cut the amount of people on welfare causing a surplus of funds. These people base their idea on the overwhel...

Definition and Examples of Interjections in English

Definition and Examples of Interjections in English An  interjection,  also known as an ejaculation  or an  exclamation, is a word, phrase, or sound used to convey an emotion such as surprise, excitement, happiness, or anger. Put another way, an  interjection is a short utterance that usually expresses emotion and is capable of standing alone. Though interjections are one of the traditional parts of speech, they are grammatically unrelated to any other part of a sentence. Interjections are very common in spoken English, but they appear in written English as well. The most widely used interjections in English include hey,  oops, ouch, gee, oh, ah, ooh, eh, ugh, aw, yo, wow, brr, sh, and yippee.  In writing, an interjection is typically followed by an  exclamation point, but it can also be followed by a comma if it is part of a  sentence. Knowing the different kinds of interjections, and understanding how to punctuate them, will help you use them correctly. First Words Interjections  (such as  oh  and  wow) are among the first words human beings learn as children- usually by the age of 1.5 years. Eventually, children pick up several hundred of these brief, often  exclamatory  utterances. As the 18th-century  philologist  Rowland Jones observed, It appears that interjections make up a considerable part of our language. Nevertheless, interjections are commonly regarded as the outlaws of English  grammar. The term itself, derived from Latin, means something thrown in between. Interjections usually stand apart from normal sentences, defiantly maintaining their syntactic independence. (Yeah!) They arent marked  inflectionally  for  grammatical categories  such as tense or number. (No sirree!) And because they show up more frequently in spoken English than in writing, most scholars have chosen to ignore them. With the advent of  corpus linguistics  and  conversation analysis, interjections have recently begun to attract serious attention.  Linguists  and grammarians have even segregated interjections into different categories. Primary and Secondary Its now customary to divide interjections into two broad classes: Primary interjections  are single words (such as  ah, brr, eww, hmm,   ooh, and  yowza) that are not derived from any other word class, are used  only  as interjections, and dont enter into syntactic constructions. According to linguist Martina Drescher, in her article The Expressive Function of Language: Towards a Cognitive Semantic Approach, which was published in The Language of Emotions: Conceptualization, Expression, and Theoretical Foundation, primary interjections generally serve to lubricate conversations in a ritualized manner. Secondary interjections  (such as bless you, congratulations, good grief, hey, hi, oh my, oh my God,  oh  well, rats, and shoot) also belong to other word classes. These expressions are often exclamatory and tend to mix with oaths, swear words, and greeting formulas. Drescher describes secondary interjections as derivative uses of other words or locutions, which have lost their original conceptual meanings- a process known as  semantic bleaching. As written English grows more colloquial, both classes have migrated from speech into print. Punctuation As noted, interjections are more commonly used in speech, but you might also find yourself using these parts of speech in writing as well. The Farlex Complete English Grammar Rules gives these examples: Ooh, thats a beautiful dress.Brr, its freezing in here!Oh my God! Weve won! Note how punctuating both primary and secondary interjections in writing depends entirely on the context in which they are used. In the first example above, the term  ooh  is technically a primary interjection that generally does not enter into syntactic constructions. It often stands alone, and when it does, the word is generally followed by an exclamation point, as in  Ohh!  Indeed, you could reconstruct the sentence so that the primary interjection stands alone, followed by an explanatory sentence, as in: Ohh! Thats a beautiful dress. In the second sentence, the primary interjection  brr  is followed by a comma. The exclamation point, then, does not come until the end of the connected sentence. But again, the primary interjection could stand alone- and be followed by an exclamation point- as in: Brr! Its cold in here. The third example contains a secondary interjection  Oh my God that stands apart from the second sentence, with the interjection and sentence both ending in exclamation points. You can also use secondary interjections as integral parts of  sentences: Hey, why did you let the dog in here?Oh my, I knew I should have turned off the oven!Good grief Charlie Brown! Just kick the football. Of course, the creator of the Peanuts cartoons would have likely used the secondary interjection more like a primary interjection. Indeed, a biography of the famed illustrator uses the phrase in just that way: Good Grief! The Story of Charles M. Schulz Since interjections depend so heavily on how they are used in speech, the punctuation they take varies greatly, according to context, but they are usually followed by an exclamation point when standing alone or a comma when introducing a sentence. Versatile Parts of Speech One of the more intriguing characteristics of interjections is their multifunctionality: The same word may express praise or scorn, excitement or boredom, joy or despair. Unlike the comparatively straightforward  denotations  of other parts of speech, the meanings of interjections are largely determined by  intonation,  context, and what linguists call  pragmatic function, such as: Geez, you really had to be there. As  Kristian Smidt wrote in Ideolectic  Characterisation in  A Dolls House published in Scandinavia: International Journal of Scandinavian Studies: You can fill it [the interjection] like a carrier bag with twenty different senses and a hundred different shades of meaning, all dependent on context, emphasis, and tonal accent. It can express anything from indifference to comprehension, incomprehension, query, rebuttal, rebuke, indignation, impatience, disappointment, surprise, admiration, disgust, and delight in any number of degrees. With interjections fulfilling such a large role in English, grammarians and linguists are calling for more attention to and study of these important parts of speech. As  Douglas Biber,  Stig Johansson,  Geoffrey Leech,  Susan Conrad, and Edward Finegan note in Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English: If we are to describe spoken language adequately, we need to pay more attention to [interjections] than has traditionally been done. In an era of increasing communication via text messaging and social media- which is often laced with interjections- experts say that paying more attention to these loud and forceful parts of speech will help create a better understanding of how human beings actually communicate. And that thought certainly deserves a loud and forceful  Youwza! Sources Biber, Douglas. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, et al., Longman, November 5, 1999. Farlex International, Inc. The Farlex Complete English Grammar Rules, 2016: Grammar. Bukupedia, June 16, 2016. Johnson, Rheta Grimsley. Good Grief!: The Story of Charles M. Schulz. Hardcover, First Edition edition, Pharos Books, September 1, 1989.

Connection of Social Responsibility and the Need of the Human Being Essay

Connection of Social Responsibility and the Need of the Human Being - Essay Example Ship management must be considered as part of the maritime industry (Donn, 1989), which is in turn, is a part of the transportation industry. It could thus be said that any development in the transportation industry could affect the social responsibilities (Massie, 1987) of those in the maritime industry which will also affect the social responsibilities of these in ship management business. Ship management although made specific must be deemed as still part of business management (Werhane,1999) For the purpose therefore of answering the question, efforts were exerted to focus on those closest to ship management business. Before proceeding further it is also proper to have a working definition of what is a social responsibility. Industry Canada (2007) defined social responsibility as â€Å"a concept with a growing currency within Canada and around the globe† that may assume â€Å"similar approaches such as corporate sustainability, corporate sustainable development, corporate responsibility, and corporate citizenship† and â€Å"many see it as the private sector’s way of integrating the economic, social, and environmental imperatives of their activities.† It also believed CSR to also involve â€Å"creating innovative and proactive solutions to societal and environmental challenges, as well as collaborating with both internal and external stakeholders to improve CSR performance.† Given the concepts, we could now clearly answer the questions. It is very evident that there is a need to collaborate with internal and external stakeholders to improve sustainable development. The stakeholders could include almost many people surrounding the business such as customers, employees, the government, and the general public. To illustrate, let us take the case V. Holdings (2007) which declared its pursuit of a strategy of corporate and social responsibility (CSR) as a business imperative. Making it imperative means that it has become very important for the company to implement and do the same if it wants to survive in business or wants to have sustainable development.

Shipping Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Shipping Management - Essay Example It has been proved, that old management techniques in shipping have been working fir short-term profits only; it has also become evident that socially 'responsible' shipping business causes higher revenues and better positive results for both the stock markets and the general company performance. New management framework has also been formed with the additional pressure of environmental issues, which always carried a tint of social knowledge. All these factors have challenged shipping management to re-negotiate their position in the social environment and in the society as a whole. CSR is essentially about companies moving beyond a base of legal compliance to integrating socially responsible behaviour into their core values, in recognition of the sound business benefits in doing so. Since businesses and the challenges they face differ widely, government interventions need to be carefully considered, well-designed and targeted to achieve their objective. (___) The PD Ports Company located in Hartlepool (UK) is the company which can be seen as the bright example of the organization having actively applied the principles of the CSR through changing legislation and environments. It is noted in the striving for further strengthening and promoting its CSR activities. It has been engaged into many CSR activities, and it should be said that CSR in the UK has become one of the principal governmental priorities. It is stated, that 'we recognize that there is no 'one size fits all' approach to CSR, and that companies need to consider the nature of their business and its key impacts in developing their CSR practice'. (http://www.csr.gov.uk/raisingawareness.shtml) This is why for the shipping companies the implementation of CSR carries certain peculiarities. Government works for the for making the companies aware of the available CSR practices and encourages businesses to improve their performance; this may be considered to be one of the essential ch anges in the general implementation of the CSR principles through the shipping companies. As for PD Ports, the company also takes active part in the promotion and support of the CSR principles through the following activities: the philosophy 'safety first' is the top priority for the company management; the company is prepared to invest into both Capital and people; the company has its main focus on the customers, and looks for additional profitability through this customer focus; the company shows full commitment to the equal opportunities for employees; what is essential, is that the company actively works for the promotion of the environmental interests, as well as for their protection. (http://www.thpal.co.uk/corporate/core_values.asp) 'While various conventions and regulations imposed minimum standards for the operation of shipping companies, the control mechanisms were not always efficient in their mission. However, quality in shipping is not a matter of the shipowners only. Quality has a price and, as with all other goods and services, this price is determined by demand and supply. Neither shipowners nor regulation alone can force or command this price if quality is not demanded by the users of the shipping service by the manufacturers, traders, freight forwarders

Battles of history, Strategist Thinking, Agree or not Essay

Battles of history, Strategist Thinking, Agree or not - Essay Example One of Britain’s immediate aims was to prevent the French navy from being captured by the German. This gave rise to Operation Catapult on July 3, 1940. A British naval force based in Gibraltar went to Mers-el-Kebir, Algeria, to assist the remaining French navy that had fled. The French crews were offered a choice to sail to Britain at once, to join them in the battle against Germany, where the British would offer them the necessary supplies.2 This way, it would give them (the French) a chance to move their ships somewhere secure or scamper their fleet. All the choices were turned down by the French, hence the British had no alternative but to fire and destroy the French, thus killing over 1,200 of them. Thus, Sun Tzu advocated for creation of an illusion of choices while indirectly directing your opponent to your most preferred option where you lay in ambush.3 Anthony Adamthwaite, The Making of the Second World War (New York: Routledge, 1992), 30. Kenneth Brody, The Avoidable War: Pierre Laval and the Politics of Reality, 1935–1936 (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1999), 20. Donald Busky, Communism in History and Theory: Asia, Africa, and the Americas (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2002), 23. Another crucial battle faced by the British was the channel battle. During this operation, Sea lion was the German code name for its strategy in taking over the United Kingdom. This begun with a series of bomb attacks against British ships in the English Channel, in early July 1940, and the first attack was on July 10. This was despite Hitler making a speech on July 19 advocating for peace with Britain, which was a tactic to buy time. British ships in the Channel incurred heavy damage, but they were able to conserve pilots and planes since there was an oncoming battle. This strategy can be seen in Sun Tzu as art of deception which involves concealing your intentions while calculating your surprise attack. A good general never commits his whole arsenal in battle. Then, Hitler began large bombing raids on air bases and military command posts in southern England early in August 1940. This strategy was aimed at breaking Britain’s will. On August 13, nicknamed â€Å"Eagle Day† by the Germans, Germany deployed over 1,400 bombers and fighters across the English Channel. This whole effort only yielded a damage of thirteen British fighters while losing more than three times the number of theirs. The Germans tried to employ the tactic of ‘Attack at full force to completely destroy and demoralize your enemy†, but apparently, the British were ahead of them as they employed the tactic of ‘let your enemies exhaust their strength.’ Hitler directed the Luftwaffe to attack major British cities like London in early September 1940. The attacks which started on September 7 went on into May the following year. During this Second World War, there was a constant bombing of the United Kingdom by Germany, po pularly known as the â€Å"Blitz,† which took place Between 7 September 1940 and 16 May 1941. Major attacks which involved more than 100 tonnes of explosives were dropped targeting 16 British cities: the capital, London, being attacked 71 times. Others like Birmingham, Liverpool and Plymouth were attacked 8 times, Bristol 6, Glasgow 5, Southampton 4 and Portsmouth 3. There were also large raids targeting other smaller cities eight in number. Luftwaffe bombed London for 57 nights in a row. Over one million houses in London were destroyed

Conventional Vs. True Beauty Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Conventional Vs. True Beauty - Movie Review Example This means the thin model wearing the clothes and makeup that the gatekeepers of fashion say are beautiful, displayed on TV and in other forms of mass media. On the other hand, there is the idea of true beauty, which reflects the existence of an absolute set of standards for what is beautiful, separate from what the masses say is beautiful, and separate from the social conventions of any given period in history. True beauty may or may not jive with what the conventional notions of beauty are at any given time, but one understands that there are eternal qualities associated with true beauty, that stand the test of time. This true beauty requires a different kind of vision for sure than what people ordinarily possess in the movie 'American Beauty'. The implicit message in the movie is that the perception of true beauty requires a certain kind of intelligence, and a certain kind of knowing and vision that is also more elevated and removed from the conventional. This paper asserts that a key take from the movie is that , one can say that far from refining and elevating aesthetic sensibilities, conforming with the rules of society deadens rather than sharpens that vision that allows for the glimpse of true beauty. In the end, with Lester dead, and all of the pressures of family and society removed, with Lester free, he is able to find out what beauty really is (IMDb.com; Smith). II. Discussion From Lester's life and the life of his family we see how the film portrays conformism as a dead end that leads to the deadening of life and the sapping away of that vital force that forges relationships and bonds people. Conformism saps away joy and the fun out of life. This seems to be the initial message of the movie. In it too is lost the conception of beauty that makes life at least bearable and worth living. Ricky, young and full of life, seems to be blessed in this regard, that not having to conform, he is free to pursue joy, and to see beauty. On the other end of the sp ectrum are repressed lives. Not everything is as it seems. Angela, the young girl who is outwardly beautiful, in herself is inwardly insecure and unsure of how to go about life. She herself lacks a certain vision and certainty, not having experienced any kind of direct vision of joy or beauty that would have pacified her and put her on a more solid footing. This is evident in the way she ended up wanting to have sex with Lester, even though in the end too it became clear that she did not know what she wanted. She was just a confused kid. Carolyn too had drifted from a more carefree and fun life into the life of a career woman obsessed with mantras of material success, all the while missing out on the happiness and beauty that could be had by simply being in the moment and enjoying the time with her daughter Jane. Jane in her way was also suffering from this joy-deprived and loved-deprived environment, and who wouldn't? Her parents were living dysfunctional lives devoid of the beauty and the joy that comes from being close to something more vital. Having lost that, and themselves, they had no joy nor vision of beauty to impart on their poor daughter. In Col. Fitts' lonely life too, there is that same missing element, and where people are less true to themselves, and are bound by conventions that blind them from a truer and more fulfilling life, what happens is that the people around them suffer. Col. Fitts' wife had to bear the emotional and psychological trauma

Wal-Mart and Cross-Cultural Perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wal-Mart and Cross-Cultural Perspectives - Essay Example From this study it is clear that  the degree of difference is so much noticeable that the U.S. managers positioned in Mexico find their work not up to the mark. A United States manager of Wal-Mart, not keen to take interest in Mexican culture to comprehend the distinct differences and make changes in his or her functioning style as per the Mexican culture may go through frustration and disenchantment.This paper outlines that  Wal-Mart had used different channels of entering these countries. For example, path taken by the Company for opening its stores in Mexico was based on equal partnership through joint venture with Cifra, Mexico’s biggest retailer. The purpose of this joint collaboration was to cover operational risks of the new market, thus, indirectly getting protection from the cross-cultural issues emerging from globalization of operations.  Wal-Mart had been following the local adaptation strategy, without which it could not firmly stabilize its hold in foreign l ands, as winning the local battle has been critical to Wal-Mart’s success. It is very important for any global company to adjust according to the distinct local market conditions. It needs to work upon changing certain aspects of its business model according to local requirements.  These amendments had to be recreated. Wal-Mart did the same business model adaptation changes in China. The example of China market is an acknowledgement of this procedur.