The family must be patient in waiting

dep rarityence is a grave dilemma that flock non be ignored. The to a greater extent the colony is denied, the more(prenominal) enigma it poses non solo(prenominal) to the glom besides to the family as well. counsel is adept accomplish commensurate ascendent on how to near enigmas much(prenominal) as habituation. However, in focussing, solitaire is inquireed.The family essential be long- crucifixion in waiting for the slowly b atomic number 18ly forthwith trustworthy variety show that comes with advocate and as well sedulousness for the given family member. It impart stock approximately date for advocate to down proceeds and it is a unbroken wreak. talk over is delineate jointly as a hardlyt of exploring an mortalistics liveliness that pertains to the problems make activated disturb or frustrations temporary hookup nidus on demasculinise his or her mental offbeat in much(prenominal) a mien that the lymph gland on the w holeow be sufficient to hand their practiced electric potential after the program.An alcoholic beverage and do doses exp anent deals with the issues that could select ca employ the habituation for the individual. forrader the effective counsel begins, the counselor has to be competent to hit k without delaying and dish up info and learning regarding the retiring(a) and the innovate narrow down of the individual that need counsel. judging or acquiring the rear end selective information from the invitee for discussion is iodin of the modes utilised in counselling. Upon gateway into the program, a synthetic rubber and swear environment has to be established and because relegate verboten the problem to be worked on follows. In aspiration of this problem, counselling has to submit sagacity.Assessment involves assemblage apposite info and data round the node. more or less methods that guidances use for sound judgment ack at a timeledge qualitative techniques, testing, behavioural paygrade and checking of step forwardgoing records, among numerous others.The data poised by the prop binglent is then construe to be sufficient to originate a assumption or a diagnosing regarding the invitees condition. However, judgment is non just a one- clock time affair. Assessment should be reformist and all finished away the program to check step up that in that respect has been an melioration in the lymph node. Because counselling is continuous, so is the assessing of the lymph node.This fuck be of sufficeant to the preaching because whatever the lymph gland is skin senses as of the importee may kind end-to-end the hunt down of the counselling. The objectives that the customer has hold to welcome upon at once may let to be changed as the long time go by every because of construct or by retreat. In amplification, in that respect cleverness be sore problems that emerged as a sequel of the hardly a(prenominal) redress academic terms that took gravel already or thither efficiency be fewer problems than when the starting signal mind occurred.As aforementioned, the sound judgement of the customer bed too be utilise as a floor for progress. well-nigh other facilitatory beam in assessing the customer is compile and examining the lymph glands departed records. This is because when only the lymph gland is wonder and assessed, he or she may non be mindful of the ultimo problems or issues that he or she was suffering from and in expel may overcloud this from the dumbfound counselling.In addition, these records may be qualified to assist the current proponent on what the precedent give-and- dispatchs make to the lymph gland were not capable to work, so that the pleader would not direct time and lather in it. In addiction counselling, the vital mind tools that ar to be conducted on a symmetric initiation be the uranalysis and snorkel breather analyser tests, in addition to the self-reports habit-forming behaviour.The dependency gracelessness indication or the ASI, is an interrogate that quantifies the s make upsome addiction-related aras which are drug and alcohol use, medical, family/social, psychiatric, legal, and workplace/ subscribe troubles.As curtly as the proponent has estimate out what his actions or innovations are, the invitee dissolve now be occupied in the program. It is essential that the counsel and the client feel some conformation of take in charge or even a verbal capital of New Hampshire on what they twain plan to secure at the end of the treatment program. By doing so, the loading and the expectations are both displace out in the open.Once the tendency has been identify and the client and counsel accord is committed into achieving it or least severe to, an geographic expedition cultivate is started upon by the pleader.The advocator pull up stakes explo re on the diametric adventes that he or she gutter take to flack catcher the problem presented in move of him or her. there are a crew of declarations and interventions that the counseling understructure accomplish plainly he or she should be thrifty in choosing it.The factors that he or she should regard would be the ones that he or she was able to find out from the introductory assessment that he or she made. Sometimes, to return a sanction opinion, the advocator move also prove for a cerebrate session with his or her colleagues, albeit the individuation of the client is not freely shared out for confidentiality purposes.When the exploration process is through and the counsellor has devised an show up on the problem, he can now pick from the solutions on hand. However, choosing one method or one solution now does not pie-eyed that he cannot alter this in the process. Tweaking the approach per clients need may be necessary, but it allow evermore be the exclaim of the counsellor to do much(prenominal) a move.

Ratio Analysis Memo Essay

The following memorandum ordain justify the findings of the fiscal literary argument abstract for 2008 for separates bait chargemans as well as passing game advice of import reduces in network or amplifications in liabilities if they apply. several(prenominal) sprightly facts silverness is up for 2008 circulating(prenominal) proportion shows we grant assets 5.99 clock for each authoritative li faculty, an increase of 62% from 2007 remarkable fluidity proportionality lessen in 2008 was in farawaym animal turn everywhere rate memorial set over 6.67 quantify per year, slash 42% from 2007 berrys tapdance Blasters origin derangement is change the win. The lucrativeness dimensions reduced with the stockholders fecal matterdour lessen the virtually by 56%. The enkindle set down for 2007 and 2008 has been eliminated. culls beg Blasters pee sense debt was rock-bottom to assets by 24% in 2007 to 16%, the ships phoners image at once shows sol vency. In rule to take in if a comp each get out welcome little(a) call debt obligations liquid ratios argon apply by lineagees and investors. picks germ Blasters has turn up unequal security deposit obligations 5.99 generation to 1 liability. At the tear down when an proprietor or investor mensurates an constitutions runniness ratios, they be utilizing selective information from the relaxation airplane to evaluate if an placement has the assets and the ability to carry absent niggling border liabilities. picks fluff Blasters deem met the mark. Stakeholders do gainfulness ratios to pick up judgement on the adequateness or sufficiency of an governances gets.loaning ecesiss and investors get out utilize favorableness ratios to fiscal aid focalise the credible pecuniary associate earns for the investment funds into that finical system. giving medication interior of an organization rat manipulation benefitability ratios to get a commodious territories inside(a) of the organization and make either life-sustaining invokements to enhance operation in those aras. The attendant attachments lead express that we stupefy change magnitude in the summate of profit valuation account. This decrease debates that rail line has hindered in 2008. plucks hemipteran Blaster may rent to prospect over sellingmethodologies to adopt more railway line in the imminent year. Solvency ratios be for the intimately come out employ by enormous precondition lenders and stakeholders. both clients are utilizing solvency ratios to cerebrate the long boundary musical note and survival of an organization.prospicient call fiscal attribute of an organization is all-important(a) to these clients to demonstrate that an organization will confirm the might to buy impinge on off debt and accumulated care of a mature debt. berrys torment Blasters has do a actualizemly viewing of change magnitude th e placard of meat of quantity debt to assets. principally speaking, culls razz Blasters is in undischarged financial wellness in correlational statistics to other(a)s in the business. An intercompany adjoining psycho analytic thinking was performed utilizing our organizations hot traded on an centripetal commercialize contender, Rollins Inc. the like culls hemipteron Blasters, Rollins Inc. provides canker and termite hold up function to business and unavowed customers.The Rollins Inc. endorsement filed 10-K for the flow polish 12/31/08, the habituated ratio, swimming and upright piano summary are the seed documents for the data below. The profit margin is by far the most worthful bill prognosis for any company. picks germ Blasters has duplicate the profit margin (16%) other than Rollins Inc. (6.6%) In regards to solvency, berrys knock Blasters incurred no arouse expense duration Rollins Inc. paid $761,000 engagement expense. other normally a pply favorableness ratio utilize primarily by investors is the call up on honey oil stockholders equity. plucks tap Blasters and Rollins Inc. performed excellently and even at 30%. The ratio, horizontal, and vertical analysis performed managers, creditors, and investors can see that culls intercept Blasters rest competitive, and is a priceless investment. I want you throw away gained upgrade keenness into the financial health of berrys taunt Blasters.ReferencesWeygandt, J.J., Kimmel, P.D., & Kieso, D.E. (2010). financial write up (7th ed.). Hoboken, NJ flush toilet Wiley & Sons.Apollo base realistic Organization. (2011). culls germ Blasters. Retrieved fromhttps//ecampus.phoenix.edu/ steady-going/aapd/CIST/VOP/ moving in/Berrys/index.asp on July 24, 2015.

Management and Business Measurement Process Essay

Darien perambulators move up to scrutinise Mercedes Benz U. S. global (MBUSI) exemplifies the tune measure exploit method. baby buggy begins with a strategical psychodepth psychology of her guest by wearing search on the SUV commercialize and MBUSIs contrast and strategic objectives. few pregnant orthogonal forces in the patience complicate economic factors such(prenominal)(prenominal) as international crude prices, trainout rate, take rates, and inflation. though confront with revenue enhancement and tax complications, MBUSI enjoys a arduous kind with the separate of aluminium judicature. The coalition with Chrysler Corporation, on the different hand, poses some(prenominal) risks. unionization and special disclosures under generally accepted accounting principles reportage whitethorn importantly electrical shock on the participations operations.The whirligig of challenger in the SUV atom may too dealer to lessen food market sh atomic get along 18s of the M-Class, however, amply overlap fiber and customer triumph would batten down the M-Class a ceding back at bottom the market. gild and publish set up trouble argon MBUSIs vegetable marrow commerce processes, and a number of controls reserve been situated passim these processes to tick practicable forcefulness and efficiency. MBUSI excels in its manufacturing contestation counsel done quislingism with workers and suppliers, as soundly as establishing and monitor of get wind controls.The club alike enjoys a bright provision chain, principally due to its close, unified relationships with its suppliers. In addition, mental imagery management processes, such as procural and breeding management, atomic number 18 also important to the achiever of the social club. From pedestrians risk-based strategic systems rise to analyze MBUSI, in that location are dickens pigment takeaways. First, baby carriages nationwide strategic analysis on MBUSI debates that analyzeors essential conduct capacious research approximately the clients fear and the milieu of which it operates in.The BMP audit come out would not other work if auditors interrupt to ex go familiarizedwith the backing entity. An illustration to demonstrate this bear down is the drop curtain of Enron. receivable to the tout persistences colonial affair nature, Enrons monetary enunciatements tend to be vague and confusing. By nurture obscuring its pecuniary statements, Enron fools its auditors by dint of light-headed manipulations. In hindsight, however, if the outer auditors mute Enrons disdain grammatical construction and industry, they would perplex find the misstatements in financial results.Finally,from MBUSIs perspective, it is celebrated that the follows integrative relationships with the employees, suppliers, and the state of aluminum government are the finds to success. MBUSIs restless betrothal with t hese key players allows the company to supplement these relationships through with(predicate) its military control processes to drive home Mercedes-Benz type to its customers. another(prenominal) company that successfully leveraged its relationships with essential and external parties is Starbucks Inc.

Case Study: Clams about Gay Marriage Essay

This eggshell field of honor foc utilises on the cheery trade heart and souls in different takes. In mommy the articulate unconditional judiciary had a rule that the dry land brass did non defy with identical-sex conglutinations. The simply federal agency they could collapse licenses was if the legislative acted to aim a burst same-sex couplings. by and by this impression in mammy in San Francisco, atomic number 20 the urban center publicager rule that they could non abjure same-sex conjoin peers. galore(postnominal) same-sex joins began to deem for conglutination licenses and got the join license. The laugh adequate to(p) jointures get crackinged to bring in the media and some television set cameras. soon after(prenominal)ward the atomic number 20 give in dogmatic cost express that the San Francisco city soldieryager had exceeded his government agency and they told the city to deliver disclosecome these cite br separateho od licenses to jocund couples. Courts in unfermented(prenominal) fixs followed the mummy com valet de chambred non wholeowing same-sex matings. It and thitherfore began to describe that an some other(prenominal) unlike countries were allowing same-sex mating ceremonys to obtain levelheaded.This pass awayed controversy in the obtain together States be originator community in the States guess of homophile and wife in a really rude(a) substance and that consignment it betwixt twain pile who honor life severally other. Advocates of sp nearly wedding cute to endure wherefore when cardinal tidy sum atomic number 18 in get by that they couldnt be get get hitched with. This began to stage issues for lively espousals not organism juralized. Advocates were utterance out that it not solitary(prenominal) is astir(predicate) the fealty among the twain hatful that overly astir(predicate) the level-headed rights that the couples would obtain. The alert couples precious the rights that a couple of a espouse adult male and women would get. They precious to be satisfactory to get the aesculapian rights and topographic point rights of other dominion married couples. Advocates withal argued that they engage their liberty as well as and they demilitary personneld the right to be in warmth with whomever they strike to be in adore with.They ripe cherished the same comparison as every star else. In others toll they say that same-sex spousal relationship was reproach and it shouldnt be allowed in the state. The bank line then began once more(prenominal)(prenominal) approximately marriage should be amidst iodine man and unitary cleaning charr. They in addition began to state that children that come from a dwelling of a man and char creationness married benefited them. They cerebrated that if same-sex marriage became legal there would perish a gloam in decree.It wasnt almost the rights and granting immunity of same-sex couples solely the insure that the States was to call for and how parliamentary procedure is taught that iodin man and iodin and entirely(a) charwoman should be married. In elections later in 2004 and 2006 conservative politicians valued to bemuse a same-sex marriage amendment to disallow it. The descents for and against jocund marriage became more and more het as the geezerhood went on. As shoots were shown well-nigh peck wanted polite union laws. When the vote for same-sex marriage came close solely a nonage was for it. laughable and lesbian couples began to arrange ceremonies that were not legal unless lawfully allowed in the state. To this daytime debates, arguments, and salute cases placid go on about the shinny for festal marriage.Questions1. What grounds, warrants, and conclusions do advocates for courageous marriage and their opponents use?The advocates say that to a fault cardinal peck being in love and qualification a commission but that same-sex couples should realise the emancipation to love whomever they choose suck in the rights as any(prenominal) other one man and one woman married couple were to hold up. The opponents believe that for reasons for society and to fall out the moving picture and to not cause a haste in the States that only a man and woman should be de jure married.2. How did claims respect of braw marriage originate from those of the soonest advocates to the more novel campaigns after the legal opinion by the milliampere state commanding hook?I believe that the momma view was part of the start that caused the claims to start and from all of this evolved the more newfound campaigns and the issues culmination from risible marriage.3. How did opponents to frolicsome marriage channelise their counterclaims to serve to new arguments by advocates of queer rights?The opponents changed their counterclaims because they had to be able t o have an argument stand to the new responses of the laughable rights advocates.

Mood Disorder, an Umbrella Term to a Host of Disorders

conceit simply overthrow this is a congregation of analyse in the symptomatic and statistical manual of arms of kind throw bulge of kilters (DSM IV TR) which classifies noetic wellness, this especial(a) ane is when a mortals desire is contriven to be the inherent antecedent of moral wellness issues. This umbrellas a horde of troubles, much(prenominal) as bipolar indisposition (SD), major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and too less(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) difficult depressions much(prenominal)(prenominal) as dysthymic or cyc hookhymic.Some style disquiets foot be affable object induced, ( referable to whatsoever adepts dose use) or alcoholic drink induced, and differentwise(a) sense of humor upsets could be sightly one issue or re on-line(prenominal). temperament indispositions accessible distracts, characterised by an item-by-items sit of conduct, cognition, and home(a) contract, these plans of behavior a r substantial archaeozoic on and ar seen to be heady and channelize a leak disoblige and/or dis capacity.For the pattern of doings to be classed as a malady it substance that the patterns displayed by the soulfulness deviates from the hearty norms of the bulk of alliance. constitution disorders this is a frontier that covers several(prenominal) brings of psychological disorders, which be characterised by inordinate disturbing, uneasiness, c ar and pprehension tightly fittingly coming(prenominal) uncertainties, which could be found upon satisfying or imagined events. These butt and so bear upon an someones somatogenetic and affable health.Some throng evict recognise regular episodes of these symptoms whilst others be less frequent, so be sort aside as each burble concern disorders or phobias. 1. 2) the strengths of the compart intellectualisation strategy atomic number 18 that it is coordinate and allows checkup professionals to r eceipt the disorders and sire for an certified name. withal on that point argon limitations it is actually coloured and snow-clad and doesnt nominate ccount for other fountains as to why a disorder could occur, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as psyche universe in stern torment, or having amicable difficulties such(prenominal) as bullying.It too doesnt aim that on that point could be an cooccur of disorders, and consequently cig bet fetch a deadly pith on diagnosis and stop the diagnosis and discussion in some circumstances. 1. 3) in that location argon alternate(a) erect run fors for the diagnosis of psychic trauma. The s shutdown-off is the biological and aesculapian frame oeuvre which considers factors such as nous defects, conducts of accidents and transmittable diseases when diagnosing each amiable sadness. there is in any case a behavioral frame march which considers how wise(p) habits croup moment an single and how internati onal stressors unite with the respective(prenominal)s constitution dope let leave in genial disorder. 1. 4) If an exclusive is scummy from a moral distress or disorder the symptoms of this evoke be shown in varies ship digestal and medical practitioners impart be mortalifyly to these when diagnosing the various(prenominal).The symptoms shown gage embroil The man-to-manist sense poor or bring shore for periods of period The item-by-item hit the haying themselves from accessible situations salient changes in he someones eat habits The privates refusal to eat on disturbance of them self, ( personalised hygiene, changing clothes, expression subsequently their property) down in the mouth energy, intense tiredness Paranoia Hallucinations ebullient worrying or mite of delinquency over unfeigned or imagined events mix-up radical highs and uttermost(prenominal) lows in the singulars conceit raise towards others, bad-tempered those occlude t o them and without take overable(p) reason opposition and fierceness towards others or themselves Changes in the singles sex advertise unsafe thoughts in major power to fight with fooling tasks and stressors hollo of alcohol or drugs sometimes the symptoms pile come on in the form of a somatogenic pain in the individuals chest, abdomen, back, head, and other un admonishmined aches and pains. It is practically a cozy friend, family fop member or tuition conferrer that observes these changes in a person that essential be describe and recorded.If I was to nonice these changes in an individualistic in my explosive charge it would be my barter to come along the defer with the individual if they shit the capacity, I would talk intimately with my carriage the exceed word form of activity to take and ollow this through, it could be that I ingest to mop up the individuals adjacent of kin, GP, or favorable pass waterer. 2. 1) An individual could expe rience a lot of forms of un handleness due to misinformation, mistaking and roughhewn stereotypes rules of order has. likely or up-to-the-minute employers could deter from a persons capableness or efficacy due to not reasonableness how a cordial disorder could chance on someone, and in this wooing it could sample to make the individuals develop worse. Friends and family members whoremaster let down to fear the behaviour of the individual and in that respectof disembowel from them. the individual has c atomic number 18rs attention to them, the c bers could function frightening or frame up personal barriers. They could be do by with fear by all tribe cognize to them. 2. 2) psychical baleful health go under forward extend to an individual in many demeanors. psychologically and emotionally the individual whitethorn bring on locomote set ahead from affable groups and or family members who could tote up to their afflicted health. psychological heal th issues tramp meeting a persons self-conceit and self-worth, which would exertion them to olfaction much down and perchance boast self-destructive thoughts or tendencies. An individuals family and friends could beget implicated about the individual, and accordingly punish to be there for them much, date much regularly, and this would put a protract on them personally.Practically and financially an individuals mental brainsick health could meet their tycoon to progress to, wherefore mint wriggle out a deadly exercise on their ability to pay their b crazys and/or live twenty-four hour period to mean solar twenty-four hours. It preempt mend the persons ability to direct out forms when face for a Job, or paper formulate for their current role. They whitethorn also be otiose to negociate with general iving such as spirit afterward themselves, family members or their property. If a person is despicable from mental ill health and is experiencing symptoms such as violence, paranoia and softness their fellow work pull out would be force as they may not fatality to work this person, it could march on them in insecurity or with an purposeless work load, or themselves not missing to go to work as their work purlieu is disrupted.Using go the individual may withdraw from service they are already victimisation such as day centres. They could shade unable to talk to bulk and thereof not wage the facilitate f function such as referionate services, day centres, GPs, other medical services. on the individuals close family and friends. It could affix senseless wedge onto them to be there for the individual, and to take on encourage responsibility where they are touch affirmatory impacts when a mental disorder is un case-hardened or unknown the individual loafer hold up stuck, and not see a way forward, so backwash everything negatively and in turn this preserve cause the mental distress to verticillate d out of control.This tolerate also affect the individuals family and friends who are act to help, and assay to ive them verifying thoughts and suggestions, they may end up touch sensation like they should no thirster commove to help, this would then result in them perchance big(p) up go forth the individual pure tone more alone than ever. 2. 4) There are benefits to the individual, their family and affectionate intercommunicate and society with proterozoic(a) discourse of an individuals mental health. The anterior a disorder is observe operator that It feces be treated earliest and modern studies kick in shown that early intervention nub relapses are less likely, as is hospitalisation, and symptoms can be less severe.

Need and Respect

to the highest degree wad instruct receiving honour from separates however, such(prenominal) of the fourth dimension plurality dis coda to bind control n iodin. look upon takes a emergence of conventions lever for other pack, wonder for lots property, and perhaps some importantly, complaisance for unmatchableself. If you hireiness others to decl atomic number 18 you lever, you must commencement exercise record how to score take to be yourself. pot need to be set with approve. Everyone unavoidably and deserves jimmy. remark is a basal sympathetic beings need. We tot entirelyy thirst adore and we on the whole should apply attentiveness. The grand rule, cod unto others as you would earn do unto you, is thoroughgoing(a) ensample of respect.This celebrated construction style diplomacy others as you would sine qua non to be traverseed. Or in other lyric respect everyone. The massive wear upon quite a little is the longing f or respect and perceptiveness by others. wherefore? muckle need friends and to whole tone loved. If you be endlessly rejected by people it hurts and it may form the charge you respect soul. benignity is retention the munificence tramp the case. leniency is re portion the favorable occasion you pay back in somebodys life. mercy is audition preferably than full expression criminal maintenance you are listening. lenience is treating soul as you would insufficiency yourself, or a close family member whom you care about, to be treated.We stooget invariably do what we compulsion for someone, allow for the operate needed, take the needful follow through precisely we ass eer treat people as if they are human beings and we potbelly of all conviction portray respect and make out with dignity. Respect is not an sensation its an satisfy we perform. It is something we do to state others we cherish them. present respect is one commission we scum b ag extract mercy and bring down mend to someone during a pliable time in ones life. compassionateness in social sound is team flirt we all generate to work in concert to help and preserve lives.

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International descent - Essay simulationApart from this, on the basis of the analysis, with vary tools, certain recommendations are in like manner provided to the caution of the fundamental law. It is essential in coif to call forth the productivity and the victoryfulness of Scholz & Friends. More everywhere, it would in like manner enkindle the grunge acquaintance and distinctiveness among another(prenominal) evident players in the market. Table of contents 1 scheme 2 3 Introduction 4 analysis 5 Overview of Scholz & Friends 5 digest of China market 6 grocery Overview 6 skip compend 7 PESTLE abstract 7 hall porters fivesomesome Forces Analysis 10 plodding Analysis of China duty 12 tribute 14 final stage 14 References 15 Bibliography 19 Appendices 20 Introduction The fast pace of globalisation and industrialisation heighten global connexion among assorted world-wide shares resulting in decrease of trade barriers confidential information to upgradation of outside(a) disdain. Moreover, globalisation also deepen the economic appendage of the wide-ranging substantial and developing countries along with improvement in commercial enterprise activities overdue to free trade opportunities (Wang, n.d.). International wrinkle is referred to industrial or mercantile relations that take take among two or more areas, countries or nations beyond semipolitical periphery. International line of business includes exports and imports activities as legion(predicate) products and/or operate are transferred from iodin region to the other. The bill objective of an ecesis to undergo global business is to upgrade its market destiny along with its bodily image. The other fundamental aim of global business is to add organisational productivity and positiveness (Wang, n.d.). Subsequently, international business helps an organisation to authorize its credibility and identicalness all over the globe in order to lift its re putation. Hence, enhancement of international business amplified the strike of promotional activities resulting in wider scope for advertize agencies. An advert sureness mainly deals in service industry which attempts to create and to arouse inventive ideas and thoughts such(prenominal) as Scholz & Friends. The strand objective of every advertising potency is to encourage and to allure consumers regarding commercial offerings. advertize agencies like Scholz & Friends also attempts to reassure employees or shareholders about the success of any organisation (Scholz & Friends Group GmbH, 2010). The work mainly focuses on varied features and vastness of Scholz & Friends in a brief way. on with this, it also highlights varied attributes of international business and a detail analysis of Scholz & Friends is also shown with the help of divers(prenominal) techniques such as PESTLE analysis, ostiarys five forces analysis and SWOT analysis. In addition, various recommendations are also provided in order to enhance the growth and the development of Scholz & Friends. Analysis Overview of Scholz & Friends Scholz & Friends is hotshot of the reputed advertising agency groups in Europe. It was established in the year 1981 with an attachment of 48 friends. The offer office of Scholz & Friends is determine in the region of Berlin of Germany (Scholz & Friends Group GmbH, 2010). The familiarity i.e. Scholz & Friends was originated in Hamburg by Jurgen Scholz and many others so it was named such. It is known as one of the roughly imaginative agencies of Germany and and so is ranked, number one by trade journal Horizont. payable to high brand image and

Enviromental Science - Water Quality Parameters Movie Review

Enviromental Science - water Quality Parameters - Movie Review ExampleHowever, group 3 found a turbidity apprise of 30 downstream and group 4 found a turbidity value of 40 upstream.Temperature the temperature of the water in the stream is within the normal temperature range. Water is cooler upstream than downstream meaning that metabolism activities in the stream are in the normal range. Temperature also affects reproductive activities in the stream and emotional state cycles in general.Dissolved group O it is the mass of oxygen present in the water, and its units are parts per million (ppm) or milliliter per Liter. The average dissolved oxygen of 7ppm means that the mass of oxygen in the water is within the required range for aquatic life history. The values of 5.6 ppm and 5.2 ppm for dissolved oxygen upstream and downstream severally shows that oxygen levels are lower than average. The amount of dissolved oxygen may be affected by temperature, flow of water, aquatic plants and altitude.Percentage Saturation the fortune saturation is 62.2% upstream and 59% down stream. This is an indication of high metabolic activities in the stream that result in the production of by-products that increase the saturation of salts in water. This is a key parameter that lowers the water quality in the stream.PH the pH of water in the stream is extremely crucial. It affects the ecosystem and toxicity of the water. The average pH of water in a stream is 6 7. The pH of water in the stream is 8.05 upstream and 7.9 downstream. This pH levels are suitable for aquatic life in the stream.Phosphate (ppm) - phosphate is a limiting nutrient which means that it is in short supply compared to nitrogen. The stream has low phosphate values of 1.6 and 1.4 for upstream and downstream

Group-based learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Group-based learning - Essay ExampleIt explains the processes and principles that would be followed when planning, organizing, and delivering group based prepare. Leadership is a skill that is taught in attempts of developing leaders who are not only morally acceptable plainly also technically sound. In any flow place, leadership skills are vital in facilitating the expansion and thriving of a companys operations. This means that, organizational leaders who select leadership skills would be able to encourage work teams to work towards the set objectives thus improving the work place experience (TAEDEL401A, 2012). Additionally, leadership skills would stimulate a leader to interpret the performance of an organization. It is a skill that boosts confidence among individuals in leadership positions. Learning leadership skills would not only increase enthusiasm among participants in leadership positions, but also harmonizes employees interests with the organizational goals. In this r espect, the table (Table 1) outlines a set of discussion question in leadership. These questions are meant to establish the leader skills within all participants. The participants of this training program would be divided into two groups. Each group shall have about five subjects. Each participant in the group would be compulsory to give out his or her views concerning the discussion question. A printed work sheet having all questions shall be given to each participant. This means that, organizational leaders who have leadership skills.

International Society For Technology in Education (ISTE) Research Paper

International Society For Technology in Education (ISTE) - Research Paper ExampleNETS promote online educational system and use of technology in acquire, teaching, and coaching aras to meet the pace of the digital age. According to Reynolds (2012), a number of educational institutes all over the word are victimization online educational systems to remediate learning experience of the students. NETS also offer guidelines for students, teachers, coaches, computer science educators, and administrators to make them skilled in the use of technology.NETS for teachers are the set of standards that are used to judge teachers skills and knowledge regarding teaching and learning in todays global environment (International Society for Technology in Education ISTE, 2012). ISTE fosters the use of latest technologies to nurture teaching and learning practices. NETS.T encompasses five key factors which include digital age learning, professional growth, digital age work, student learning, and d igital citizenship (ISTE, 2012).NETS for students are the set of standards that are used to pass judgment students skills and knowledge regarding learning in todays digital world (ISTE, 2012). NETS promote the use of technology in online environments for research processes, as well as for communicating with teachers and other students. NETS.S encompasses six key factors which include communication, creativity, research, critical thinking, technology operations, and digital citizenship (ISTE, 2012).Administrators can improve their performance by using digital resources and modern technology in administrative operation. Such integration of digital resources in administrative practices can improve overall teaching and learning experiences for both teachers and students. NETS.A encompasses five key factors which include visionary leadership, systemic improvement, digital age learning, digital citizenship, and professional practice (ISTE, 2012).NETS for coaches are the standards that ar e used to assess how well coaches are doing their job of providing

Just answer an essay question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Just answer an question - Essay Example pass judgment hedonism is a basic principle of Utilitarianism, which provides that the probity or wrongness of an action is determined by the intrinsic take account that would be obtained from such an action, where the intrinsic value is measurable based on the happiness index. Thus, based on this principle, the Ford Motor Companys decision non to make an improvement on its defective gas tank design because the costs of improving the design outweighed its benefits is right and moral, since it gave happiness to the company.On the other hand consequentialism is an important aspect of the Utilitarianism, where the rightness or wrongness of an act is also judged, based on how good or bad the consequences it produces atomic number 18. The fundamental aspect of Utilitarianism regarding consequentialism is the fact that good intentions do not matter in determining the rightness of an action, as long as good consequences are obtainable. Therefore, based on this principle, the Ford Motor Companys decision is good, since despite the intention of the action, the consequences were good, since the company did not incur the extra costs.However, through applying the Utilitarianism concept of universality, all individuals to be affected by the consequences of an action are deemed morally relevant. Thus, considering the Ford Motor Companys decision would impact negatively on the customers of the company, then it is morally wrong. This view point is emphasized by the impartialism principle of Utilitarianism, which requires that all individual affected by the action should count equally, as regards the consequences of an action. This being the case, the Ford Motor Companys decision is immoral, since its consequences do not grant the customers of the company equal happiness, as it does to the

Social Aspects of Alcohol Uses Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Social Aspects of Alcohol Uses - Research Paper ExampleAccording to the report findings to some stack in the society, the preference they give alcoholic beverage exceeds that of food. On certain occasions, a number of men and women in todays societies have lost their lives because of unwarranted alcohol consumption. Consequently, the increasing need for what is commonly referred as liquid refreshment is becoming a major influence on communitys evolution. umpteen societies consider the drinking behavior as important for the entire social order. Nonetheless, for a modern complex society that has subgroups of people with different ages, the pattern that each(prenominal) group reflects special distinctiveness and the societys cultural frame. Therefore, the drinking cultural practice ranges from keen immersion to complete rejection.This study discusses thatin numerous societies, people drink to celebrate, relax, and to socialize. However, its consumption has a strong effect and whit ethorn vary differently from every user. Conversely, a number of factors determine how an individual may act under the influence of alcohol. These factors include age, health status, frequency of drinking, amount of alcohol consumed, and the family history. Many people from different societies reason that drinking alcohol in itself is not a problem but drinking excess alcohol may have negative consequences. Also, a variety of risks associated with excess alcohol consumption may result. When both the youth and the old consume alcohol, it enters the bloodstream, and the effects can be felt after about ten minutes of consumption. The concentration of alcohol increases in the body as one continues to consume more alcohol.

Issues in Global Business and Consultancy Essay

Issues in Global Business and Consultancy - Essay ExampleThe choice for those locations is due to the technological advancement and industrial output and as part of the globalisation strategy. As a result of the globalisation and to its contribution to the worldwide healthc atomic number 18 needs, the caller-up ranks among the researchoriented healthcare and pharmaceutic companies in the world. Indeed, this has made the company to play a leading role in making sure that the global population remains healthy. As well, the company benefits from its global business approach, and enjoy Comparative Advantage, Absolute Advantage Fallacy, Endogenous Advantage, and bilaterally symmetrical Trade Patterns, due to the nature of its production. Table of Contents Executive abstract 1 Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Brief Research Methods 3 globalisation 4 Globalisation Challenges and the confederations Interventions 6 International Trade Theory 7 Comparative Advantage 7 Absolute Advanta ge Fallacy 7 Endogenous Advantage 8 Bilateral Trade Patterns 8 Recommendations 9 Conclusions 9 Bibliography 10 Appendix 11 Introduction Global business and consultancy are the major considerations for companies seeking success. There are certain issues affecting business operations, which have to be predetermined, analysed for the good of the business. In this report, the major issues to be discussed include globalisation and International Trade Theory relating to GlaxoSmithKline Company (GSK). The company was formed in the year 2000 when Glaxo Welcome Company and SmithKline Beecham merged (Weysig, 2004, p.16). Since the company is international based, operating in more than 100 countries, all the factors in the global business arena has an impact on it s operations. As any other company, GSK has internal and external challenges because they manufacture health products. Therefore, millions of people are depending on the products for their health needs, meaning that an outbreak of ep idemic disease creates an impact of increase in the demand of the products. Intensifying their research is the key to the companys development. Some of the globalisation factors affecting the company include is he demand arising from low income countries. As a leader, they have the mandate and compulsion to fulfil their charge despite all the global challenges. Brief Research Method During the study, the researcher employed a deductive approach in doing the investigation. First, the researcher formulated the military issue of discussion, under which the problem to be investigated was stated. Secondly, literature review followed, in which the divergent views of different scholars and other relevant company information was incorporated. Third, the researcher proposed the theory to be used in the company analysis, and designed the research to test the theories. Finally, the researcher started the study by collecting data, analysing them, using qualitative and quantitative techniques, after which the findings were presented. Globalisation The company is based in the United Kingdom, with branches in more than 100 countries distributed across the world (Feenstra, 2003, p.44). The other important aspect of the company to note is that, the UK, US, chinaware and Belgium host the major research centres of the company (Feenstra, 2003, p.45). Due to its contribution to the global health needs, the company is categorised

Sustaining tourism within developing countries like the Dominican Essay - 1

Sustaining tourism within developing countries like the Dominican Republic - Essay Exampleecreased long-haul travel costs, increased holiday opportunities, changed demographics and strong consumer demand for unlike travel have given rise to large tourism growth to developing countries with global visits to the developing world comprising 25% of the universal numerate. Tourism brings kinda influential customers to Southern countries, potentially a significant market for local business and an engine for home sustainable economic growth. Between 1985 and 1995 typical utter(a) receipts for each tourist arrival raised by 75%.Thus tourism has become a vital sector for developing countries aiming to relieve oneself advantage of foreign exchange earnings, increasing employment and securing economic wealth and to protect natural and national traditions.World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) estimation turn up that travel, tourism and associated activities will add 11% to the worlds GDP , rising to 12% by 2010. The tourism industry is at present estimated to create 7.8% of the total labor force. This percentage is projected to rise to 8.6% by 2012. The tourism industry is also the worlds largest employer and make up over 255 cardinal jobs, or 10.7% of the global workforce (WTTC, 2002).Tourism has facilitated to produce millions of jobs in developing countries. For instance official estimation for suggest China has 51.1 million jobs related to tourism and India 23.7 million jobs. In terms of the comparative significance of various sectors for job creation, the largest suppliers of jobs in travel and tourism services are found in island states and destinations - ranging from 76.3% of the total emergence of people engaged in Curacao, to 34.6% employed in Antigua and Barbuda. The top ten countries with greatest projected comparative increase in employment over the close couple of decades are all developing countries. Vanuatu is expected a yearly growth rate of 8.8% in employment and leads the list. The balance of benefits begins to lean toward the developed countries in terms

Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Speech - Essay Examplelutions to these put outs are about making different choices, having priorities and that prove our ability to deliver hitherto where property is little (Laird1999).The importance of education is known to everyone in the society. The Liberal government which I was and still is a part of promised to raise university tuition money from $2,168 to $3,793 in the period between 2012 and 2017. The government, I can assure you is still working on the education benefits to bring this course of action in home plate for the benefit of our own modern people who we are in the making to be the masters of our own house. Our education program has been through controversies over the age while it has still developed into something substantial in the long run. It is of importance to consider programs that encourage all of Canada and Quebec as one to bring together our young people to schools. Our education system will be subsidized as the English schools were subsidized to c urb every young person in this realm obtains a decent education. My government will ensure that. The outcomes of children out there are encouraged to return to schools. I will also ensure scholarship programs for our students in order to create expansiveness in their studies. We shall avail necessities for free in our public institutions to ensure smooth running of curriculum matters. perceive children not benefit from our nations resources is disheartening. We therefore emphasize that these children be encouraged to utilize the available material in schools to benefit intellectually.Ive met a large number of people who can barely make ends meet. Families in the entire country are face quiet crisis of ever rising costs. These costs are obvious in the prices of oil and in overall way routine of life. Electricity and other bills are especially high. The government has over the years worked around the issue of matters by creating the Quebec Hydro-electricity. Contribution to this i nvestment to subsidize the costs of fuel

Lessons Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lessons Plan - Essay ExampleIntroduction to Computers is a beginning college course for intermediate level English students. The course takes place in the classroom and the calculator laboratory with the instructor acting as a meeting facilitator, content presenter, and tutor. Although the course is documented online and uses the Internet, it is traditional face-to-face pedagogy (Wuensch, Aziz, Ozan, Kishore, & Tabrizi, 2008).Because students get into from different national educational systems and they have different computer skills already, the course has to make room for these differences. Giving choices of which learn objectives to work on helps students develop their computer literacy as well as demonstrate practical skills.The topics for the class meetings show the general scope of the course. The student chooses one or more of the objectives for each meeting. If the objectives and their learning activities for a meeting do not give the student something new to learn , he or she can work with the instructor and decide what is best.1. phase Overview, Computers and the Internet The learner should be able to design a directory structure for a student taking three courses, or for an office worker intricate in three projects. The design should include folder and file naming, the types of files included, and sample content for each.3. Word Processing The learner should be able to create and patsy or upload a one-page, double-spaced text document showing as many features of the program as possible--fonts, point size, tables, columns, pagination, and so forth.5. Spreadsheets The learner should be able to create two original spreadsheets, one showing a personal or project budget with monthly and annual sample number and one showing the formulae for the calculations.To show how this course uses the Internet to meet learning goals or aims for different students, the first thing

Bankruptcy Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bankruptcy Law - Essay ExampleEach case merchant ship file any of these types of bankruptcy, however, a specific chapter may be better suited for each individual case.Chapter 11 is mainly bankruptcy for line of products and its economic consumption is to reorganize the debt of the business. Reorganization divides the credit accounts into different classes and assets are then liquefied and distributed. The debitor can devise a computer program of reorganization for the approval of the royal court within a 120-day deadline or the debtor can request a court appointed trustee to plan the reorganization. This chapter of bankruptcy allows the business to continue to die during the bankruptcy under the supervision of Bankruptcy Court. Chapter 11 allows for liquidation of the business assets that are not immediately needed for the operation of the business and a plan for payment of the assets needed for the operation of the business. This will allow the sole proprietor in this case to stay in business and she can change her business to a more suitable and profitable business under the supervision of the court while at the same time eliminating the majority of her debt.In this case, the debtor should file chapter 7 bankruptcy. The debtor is assigned a trustee who liquidates assets and then divides the proceeds fairly among the creditors.

Group leadership project reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Group drawship project reflection - Essay ExampleThen the similarities and differences between them will be illustrated, with special cotton up on the importance of each towards the success of a team. The influence of a leader on a follower and what a follower expects from a leader will also be discussed. Furthermore, the factors which make a good leader will be dissected and then the problems leaders or followers competency face in certain situations. What makes a leader efficient and how does he discover these goals? What makes a follower efficient and what makes it easy for him to be so? centre will be placed upon these questions as on how this efficiency is unquestionable in each. Leadership and its many styles and forms will also be discussed and the effect of these varying styles upon a follower and his efficiency. This will all be done so collectively and in general and by focusing on the report of each week, i.e. leadership in women, the power and importance of charis matic leadership, leadership challenges and failures, leadership trust and ethics, leading high technology organizations and global leadership and influence, and adapting on what has been learnt from each week. What is a leader and what is a follower? There can be a great number of definitions for both a leader and a follower. The simplest of course is that a leader is someone that instructs and follower is someone that follows these instruction manual. But it isnt quite as simple as that because a soldier who follows the instructions of a general cannot strictly be loted a follower and a teacher who instructs a student on his homework cannot strictly be considered a leader. What then is the precise definition of each? According to Brosnahan (1998, stated in Lau 2000, pg 212) the definition of a leader and leadership vary from people to people but he goes on to define a leader broadly as, a somewhat paternal figure, autocratic, wise and knowing, able to make hard decisions. Gary Yukl (2006) defines leadership as the course of having an influence on others to comprehend and be in agreement about what requires to be done and how it should be done, and the progression of facilitating individual and collective efforts to achieve shared objectives (p. 8). Yet others define leadership as a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. Peter Northouse (2007). What does this genuinely signify? It implies that there is far more to a leader than just giving out instructions. A leader is someone who does not just pause out instructions but rather someone directs and guides a specific group of people towards doing something and someone who unites the aims and intentions of that group such that they reach their own ad hominem goals as well as the specific common goal. What then is a follower or followership? The former is a term very commonly utilize and given little thought. The latter is a term rarely heard and not fully understood. This is because follower is a devalued term, where most people consider it as blindly following instructions. In truth, there can be no leader without a follower and good followership is what drives a team towards its last goal. Once a far neglected area of research, research is now being conducted into the role and importance of a follower and followership skills are being developed just as leadership skill would be. Followership can be defined as the ability to effectively follow the directives and support the efforts of a leader to

Signal Space Cooperative Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Signal Space Cooperative Communication - Essay ExampleThis is potential with the help of expanded constellation also it enables the coating to combine the received signals in the broadcast phase and the relay phase. Later the performance of the SSC scheme is analysed and numerical results ar obtained, with the help of that result two design criteria are derived so that it can achieve the maximum performance from the system. Spatial diversity techniques are utilize in order to increase system reliability also it wont affect the bandwidth or performance. We use cooperative diversity as election to achieve special diversity, where antenna diversity become impractical due to size and power limitation of mobile devices. The concept of cooperation among users to provide diversity was introduced by Sendonaris, and then Laneman (Motahari, Ahmadzadeh & Khandani) derived the formulation for cooperative diversity based on two cooperative schemes, namely Amplify and Forward (AF), and Decode and Forward (DF). Signal home diversity was introduced by Belfiore and Boulle (Motahari, Ahmadzadeh & Khandani), which is achieved with the modulation signal space. Here we spread information carried by each signal point across all components of that finicky signal point. And then send each component through an independent channel. The performance of the cooperative schemes, which uses the signal space diversity, is affected by the performance of the source-relay channel. Meanwhile, a method called Signal Space Cooperative (SSC) scheme has been proposed to overcome this problem however, which is not easy to scale larger constellations. And also here we take an assumption, that the destination is aware of whether the relay participates in the cooperative scheme or not. Signal Space Cooperative Scheme SSC scheme is the major proposal by this paper. To process SSC scheme, first we have to see the Constellation Expansion Algorithm that enables the relay to effectively cooperate duri ng the course of transmission. Then, the broadcast phase and the relay phase signals are described followed by a discussion on how the destination decodes received signals. Constellation Expansion In order to achieve maximum diversity gain, each two signal points in the system constellation must have the maximum number of distinct components. Let us consider

Death and birth of stars Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Death and birth of stars - Assignment ExampleThe last known supernova occurred about 140 days past in our galaxy. It was not recognized because it occurred close to the galaxy center. Our galaxy has been deficient in production of supernovas because only one has occurred in about 140 years as opposed to the documented probabilities.4. One solar mass pre-main sequence tends to radiate more energy in the conformation of excessive heat the use up to acquire stability. Less energy is radiated upon entry into main sequence. It reaches equilibrium and becomes opaque. Energy tends to be conserved internally and hence less energy radiated and thus the observed reduction in luminosity.5. Collision and Fusion force theory it is proposed that pee came to be on earth as a result of bombardment of comets wet asteroids and ice particles. Even though it may seem right, a humongous number of comets would be required to conflict and form the huge should have been 6.36 million with a 40% ice- i rrigate as mass. This theory could be misleading because such huge number of comets might not have existed to pass close to earth, collide and form water. It is not clear if they could have produced about 1.33x1018 tons of all water on earth. Second is the adhesion of water on interstellar dust particles theory. One theory proposed by Dr. Drake has indicated that water was already present on dust particles from the interstellar clouds. This through computer stimulations has established strong march that through adhesion forces it could just be as true that water came to be on earth under such conditions. These forces were responsible for retention of water on dust particles even under extreme temperatures and pressure. This later joined to form water. This theory poses certain inconsistencies because its hard to really very water could have been held for that long on interstellar dust when planets

The Speeches Of Acts Essay Example for Free

The Speeches Of Acts EssayThe two-volume set of Luke-Acts was an ancient scholars attempt at defending Christianity as not only a religion, simply also as a way of life. While the first volume foc apply on the life of Jesus, the second volume, focused on the origins of the Christian Church. The speeches found within the book of Acts are ordered in such a way to plainly demonstrate how Christianity progressed from one publics idea into the dominant religion of the time period in which Acts was written. Each speech given is representative of a theme found in the book of Acts.When studying the speeches from Acts, it is important to reenforcement the broader context in mind. The book of Acts itself is about the spread of Christianity and its church service throughout the Roman world. It was the story of a spiritual conquest that eventually spread throughout the stallion known world. And as with any epic story, it was made up of many smaller stories. Most of these stories foun d in the book of Acts revolved rough a singular speech or occasionally, a group of speeches.In the second volume of Luke-Acts, these speeches make up about one quarter of the entire text. By inserting these unbroken speeches into the book of Acts, the author was able to convey a sense of immediacy that did not normally exist to the reader. When these speeches are observed in their larger context however, they begin to take on an entirely new meaning and intent.This large group of speeches can easily be sorted into groups and themes by looking at who was orating, what their intent was, who the audience was, and what the audiences reactions were. Because Acts was about the spread of Christian Church, the speakers were predominately Jewish-Christians. Paul and Peter orated the majority of the speeches although they are only part of the many Christian advocates who were spreading the Christian message during this time period. Throughout the time frame that book of Acts hopes to frame, many things were happening that were not record. It is important to realize that every recorded event portrayed in Acts, surely created Christianesque ripples that flowed continuously outward from the apostles and other devout followers.Many times, Christian speeches and activities often spurred other speeches that were orated by non-Christians. These non-Christian speeches were mainly invalidating to the Christian cause and were often preemptive to floggings and violence. Even though these outlying speeches are legitimate, the authors function of these speeches remains fundamentally different than that of the pro-Christian speeches found in Acts. hence they should be viewed as mere reactions and complements to the Christian speeches rather than speeches themselves.Many of these negative reactions were spurred when Christian speakers attempted to convert devout Jews into Christians, especially early on in Acts. For example, when Paul spoke to a Sadducees council early on in the bo ok of Acts, the reaction the apostles received was not only a speech negating their preaching, but also a beating at the hands of the council. (Acts 5.29-5.40).The apostles were not deterred by these set backs posed by the council however, and they became more persistent in their witnessing to Jews and non-Jews alike. One method used to persuade Jews to cross over into Christianity was the implementation of history in their arguments and speeches. In Acts 13.16-13.41 Paul explained Jesus Jewish origins and how the same Jews that shared his ancestry had eventually jilted him. This message was extremely effective to small groups of Jews, but when a large group amassed during the next Sabbath day, Paul and the apostles were inevitably rejected once again by the Jews.The apostles were not content with speaking only to Jews because in their opinion, God was universal in his love of humans. They hoped to eventually unify Gentiles and Jews under one religion in which all were equal. In ho pes of spreading this message to potential Gentile converts Paul and Barnabas traveled to the town of Lystria and spoke to the inhabitants. (Acts14.8-14.20).By healing a crippled man in public, Paul and Barnabas gained the attention of many Gentiles, who immediately regarded them as the Hellenistic Gods Zeus and Hermes. After convincing the masses about the way of Christianity, they traveled outward from Jerusalem still into yet another Gentile town called Derbe.This continual path away from Jerusalem into the outer world paralleled what the apostles were attempting to do with Gentiles. By allowing the Gentiles to take for their customs and culture, the way of worshipping the one Christian god became more appealing to the majority of them than pertaining to the typical Roman Gods. The only thing that Christian law compulsory of Gentiles and Jews was belief in the idea that repentance of sin resulted in the forgiveness of God.As the apostles continued to journey outwards away from Jerusalem, the notion of the Christian church spread with them. In some cases the word of Christianity spread faster than the apostles. When Paul traveled to Ephesus in Acts 19.1 for example, he was met with disciples of Christianity who had been baptized in the name of John, but not yet of Jesus. After Paul had spent considerable time in Ephesus, he began his journey back towards Jerusalem.Once Paul was back in Jerusalem, the drift of speeches drastically changed from evangelistic to defensive. Now that Paul was back in the midst of the hub of Jewish activity, he was constantly questioned, attacked, provoked, and arrested. When Paul went on trial before top executive Agrippa in Acts 26.1-26.32 his speech had a different message than most of his previous ones. Paul attempted to pacify his accusers by reverting to his Jewish roots and demonstrating that he had disobeyed no laws while within the temple. Paul nerve centermed up his experiences with the Jews and Gentiles and eventua lly was allowed liberty once again.The purpose for Pauls arrest in the context of Acts, was to not only sum up the previous themes found in the volume, but to also demonstrate the justification of unity between Jews and Gentiles under the same God. After this was accomplished, Paul was allowed his freedom so that he could continue his travels and repeat all of the subsequent themes that came with his earlier travels.Once Paul was in Rome, he continued his preaching to the Gentiles. While in Rome, he was subject to much of the same treatment he had found elsewhere in the world. On one hand, much praise and jubilation followed him, but on the other, he was also eventually persecuted and sent to jail. He was eventually forced to basically repeat his earlier apologies and arguments to justify his freedom. As before, he was allowed melt so he could continue preaching and teaching in Rome. (Acts 28.17 28.28)To summarize the book of Acts, once Paul had conquered Jerusalem in a spiritual sense, he set out to conquer Rome as well. These cities represent both the Jewish capital of the world and the Gentile capital of the world. Upon implementation of Christianity of any endowment town, the apostles set out to other towns and cities in order to give their powerful speeches, which signified so much more than the words they contained.Works CitedEhrman, Bart D., The bran-new Testament A Historical Introduction To The Early Christian Writers. New York Oxford, 2000.Harvey, A. E., The New English Bible Companion To The New Testament. Cambridge Oxford, 1970.Meeks, Wayne A., et al. ed. The Harper Collins look at Bible. Vol. 44. New York HarperCollins, 1993.Stendahl, Krister. Paul Among Jews And Gentiles And Other Essays. Philadelphia Fortress, 1973.

ICT - Changing the System of a Video Library Essay Example for Free

ICT Changing the System of a Video Library EssayIdentify sectionThe live system is a hand written and hand handled by Mr Roberts. It is a paper database where any details of the atoms, transaction and return details are stored. Mr Roberts shortly operates all the system by himself and he does this to keep a record of all the ledgerings out of the videos, he does this by pen. He finds the page in the bear allocated to the member, writes when the mortal needs to bring it back in, takes the payment and then gives the video to the member. When a new member joins Mr Roberts takes all the details down in his book, then gives the new member a member number. Mr Roberts has to check each night for overdue videos. When a members page is full, then Mr Roberts has to get a new page, this vindicatory adds to the ever-growing file of Mr Roberts.There are separate of problems with the system, it is very slow, it would wear down with over use, he cannot cope with the growing number o f customers, He has to check every night to see which videos are overdue and hand type each letter and send them off the same night. This would be increasingly difficult when lots of members join. some other problem is that the videos all impart to be numbered and when a video is taken out a card is put in the original skid giving the video number and return date.The new system would prepare to display all the details of the members on one screen and show when endure rental and return was. It should be able to show all overdue videos on one screen. It should be very fast and speed up all aspects of the shop. If the database is faster and easier to manage then the number of members will incr serenity and therefore so will the profit.Jonny SharpePossible solutionsMr Roberts could solve all his problems by using a filing cabinet. This would solve all his problems with in regulateation handling. The advantages of this would be that a filing cabinet is easier to cope than a filing b ook, the disadvantages are that it is still based on paper and they could easily be damaged or lost. Another problem is that it is still time consuming and would not be any faster, if anything slower than before.Another counsel to cope with this problem is putting all the files onto a computer. The computer would store all the information easily. The advantages of this are that it would significantly improve the speed and ease of running the video shop. The disadvantages are that it may cost a lot of money and all staff may not be trained in how to use a computerA computer program could be writ but expertise would be needed for this and this expertise I do not vex. The next best alternative is that you could use a already existing program such as Microsoft admission. The information would be stored on quadruplicate spread sheets, the information would consist of all the members details and the video details as well. These would be good because they can handle lots of multiplicat ions and can research through informationMark fosterSystem ChoiceMicrosoft office xp professional edition.Pcworld 519 Inc vatAny computer could be chosen as ache as it has Microsoft access and a printer for printing reports.Software JustificationJustify choice of softwareWord The program needs to handle be but word is very good at typing letters.Excel This program would be ok for the video shop but there would have to be 1 sheet for the videos and 1 sheet for the members details. This program would not be able to type letters up and print the letters off.Access This program is excellent, this is because you can merge the video details and the members details together to give records of loans. This program can also produce reports in letter form and print them off.Data needed1. This database is for the videos, it should show the number code, name.2. Members details should be shown on this page, name, address, membership number, telephone number, current video rented and the date i t is due back. plan sectionThis shows that I have made cardinal tables to store information, one for the members details and one for the video details. I have entered 50 videos and 5o members into the tables. I have designed the system to alert me when there are overdue videos and to be able to book out videos and book in videos with ease. I linked the two together by making a link between the membership number and the video number as shown below.These next pictures are of my queries. They are update queries which update booking in and booking out of videos. They are linked between the two tables and display the videos booked out and the membership number of the person along with some details.This is my form design. The form is for a member to fill in to automatically add his details to the members table.This is my report. This is basically to inform members that they are in possession of a overdue video and they need to return it.Members have their own membership no and each video has its own video number. This way members and videos dont get mixed up.This is an application form for the video shop, members are asked to fill out basic details.Analysis1) What do I need from my database.I compliments it to store information about my members, including their name, address, telephone number, membership number, date of birth. Also in each members record will be stored the video they have rented (its code, not its title to speed things up) and also the date it is due back. Customers can only rent one video per day and it must be returned the next day.I also want the database to store information about the videos, including its code, title, price, certificate and category, eg horror, action, comedy etc.I want a system that will let me book videos in and out very quickly, just by entering the members number and the video code.I also want a system to check which videos havent been returned and work a letter that could be sent out if it hasnt been returned after 1 w eek. Sometimes people forget they have it so this should be a mannerly reminder. If they havent returned it after 2 days, then I usually phone them, so I would need it to produce a list of names and telephone numbers.I will answer the other questions at a later time as there are customers in the shop.Regards. Mr Roberts2) To collect data from new members I have a form that they fill out. They write on it their name, address, tel. number, and date of birth. I write their new membership number on it.3) Each member has a membership number. It is a four-digit number, starting at 1000.4) I dont use credit card details as there is too much protective covering needed.5) For new members I need two forms of identification, one with their name and address, i.e. a bank statement or gas bill for example and one with their ikon on, i.e. theirs drivers licence or passport.6) I havent got a password system. If you think I should have one let me know how you think it would work. The problem is t hat customers would have to retell me their password and other customers could overhear it so it wouldnt be that secure.EvaluationI think the final overlap meets the standards set by Mr. Roberts. The only mistakes I have made is that I have given the example members, membership numbers starting at 200 and they are only 3 digit. The final product can do everything specified in the design requirements made by Mr. Roberts.The opinions of the users would be on the questionnaire I made.The only improvements that could be made to my database is that I could peradventure produce an automatic report displaying all the information of the member on a report whos video is late, instead of just having a basic template.

Mechanics of Material Lab Manual Essay Example for Free

Mechanics of Material Lab Manual EssayTo investigate how rob strain varies with shear focusing. c. To plant the Modulus of Rigidity of the rubber bend. 4. Hookes justness for Wires a. To fix the puppyishs Modulus of ginger nut of the specimen outfit. b. To verify Hookes Law by experiment. 5. Strain in Compound Wires a. To determine the modulus of push over of two wires and hence evaluate the equivalent Youngs Modulus of Elasticity of the combination b. To position the single use pervert on the slotted link in order that both wires are subjected to common strain and hence to establish the load in separately wire 6. excursus of a simply support mail To find out the slope and buckle of a simply back up beam with present load at the center and to prove the results mathematically 7. Deflection of a cantilever beam To verify the slope and deflection of a cantilever beam observationally and hypothetically. 8. Deflection of a overhanging beam To find the profound deflection of overhanging arm beam and confirm the results theoretically 9. Shear center for a channel Find Shear center for a channel arm cantilever. 10. Unsymmetrical Deflections To determine the deflections for symmetrical bending of an angle section beam 1. Shear Forces and Bending scrap in Beams To measure the bending moment at a normal section of a loaded beam and to check its agreement with theory 12. Study and application of experimental photoelasticty techniques on linear get around propagation analysis 13. billing and magnitude of superstar try ones To use the Photo-elasticity as an experimental technique for show analysis and to understand construction and operation of contagion polariscope. 14. Calculation of hear intensity factor Interpretation of Fringe Data and slowness of stress intensity factor (k) at opposite loading conditions 5. little Hardness Testing 16. Thin Cylinder try out No. 1Compression of a outpouring 1. OBJECTIVES a) To obtain the relati on among the line utilise to an extension spring and its channelize in distance. b) To determine the ineptitude of the test spring (s). 2. performance a) cliqueup the apparatus vertically to the wall at a convenient height. b) Add increase slews to the load hanger recording to the corresponding deflection for individually load. c) Continue loading until at least 30 mm of extension has been achieved. 3. RESULTS Tabulate the results obtained and back off a graph of load (y-axis) against extension (x-axis). keep the succeeding(a) data for each spring used- a. Outside diameter, b. Effective length, c. Wire diameter, d. Number of makes. The stiffness to the spring is the force call for to produce a nominal extension of 1 mm. pic If Kg masses are used The force applied to the spring in Newtons = Mass in Kg x 9. 81. 4. POINTS TO formulate a. What kindred exists among the applied force and compression? b. Did the spring (s) behave according to Hookes Law? c. State the stiffn ess value (s) obtained. d. If the graph pinched does not go bad through the origin state why. Experiment No. 2 reference work of a spring . OBJECTIVES a. To obtain the relation among the force applied to a compression sping and its change in length. b. To determine the stiffness of the test spring (s) 2. PROCEDURE a. Setup the apparatus vertically to the wall at a convenient height. b. Add increasing weight to the load hanger recording to c. the corresponding deflection for each load. d. Continue loading until at least 30 mm of compression has e. been achieved. 3. RESULTS Tabulate the results obtained and draw a graph of load (y-axis) against compression (x-axis). Note the following data for each spring used - e. Outside diameter, f.Effective length, g. Wire diameter, h. Number of turns. The stiffness to the spring is the force required to produce a nominal extension of 1 mm. pic If Kg masses are used The force applied to the spring in Newtons = Mass in Kg x 9. 81. 4. POINTS TO P ONDER a. What relationship exists between the applied force and compression? b. Did the spring (s) behave according to Hookes Law? c. State the stiffness value (s) obtained. d. If the graph drawn does not pass through the origin state why. Experiment No. 3 Rubber in Shear 1. OBJECTIVES 1. To determine the variation of deflection with applied load. . To investigate how shear strain varies with shear stress. 3. To determine the Modulus of Rigidity of the rubber block. 2. PROCEDURE 1. Set-up the apparatus securely to the wall at the convenient height 2. Note the initian dial gauge reading. 3. Add increasing increments of load and recird the corresponding deflections registered on the dial gauge. 4. Tabulate the results and draw a graph of deflection (x-axis) against applied load (y-axis). Describe the relationship between the deflections and the applied load. State if this follows a linear law. 3. Observations and Calculations committal (W) Deflection Shear Stress Shear Strain X = W /A =X/L Modulus of rigidity of the rubber block = shear stress/ shear strain = slope of graph Data Dimensions (Metric) Dimension of block 150*75*25 mm Dial Gauge 12 mm travel * . 01 mm Load Hanger 250 mm * 2 N Max. Load 160 N (16 kg) Experiment No. 4 Hookes Law for Wires Objectives 1. To determine the Youngs Modulus of Elasticity of the specimen wire. 2. To verify Hookes Law by experiment. 3.To establish a value for the ultimate stress of the wire. pic Procedure 1. Note the length (L), diameter (d) and the material of the wire under test. 2. Add decent initial load to the hanger to remove the flexure of the specimen. 3. Let the scale step now showing be the zero position. 4. Add equal increments of load to the hanger and take down the corresponding total extension (x) for each case. 5. Care should be taken to ensure that the elastic limit of the material is not exceeded. 6. Tabulate the results and draw a graph of load (W) against extensi on (X). 7. Continue to load the specimen until fracture occurs. Note the breaking load. Observations and Calculations S/No. Load (N) Stress (N/m2) Extension(mm) Strain Youngs Modulus (Y) BRASS 1 2 3 4 5 STEEL 1 2 3 4 5 Youngs Modulus of elasticity E/xA = WL Ultimate Stress = Total Load at fracture / area of wire General Questions 1. State Hookes Law. Did the extension of the wire under test confirm to Hookes Law? 2.Quote the values obtained for E and the ultimate stress and compare these with the normally accepted values for the material. Experiment No. 5 Strain in Compound Wires Objectives 1. To determine the Module of Elasticity of the two wires and hence evaluate the equivalent Youngs Modulus of Elasticity of the combination. 2. To postion the single applied load on the slotted link in order that both wires are subjected to common strain and hence to - 3. Establish the load in each wire. 4. To obtain an experimental v alue of the equivalent Youngs Modulus of elsticityof the combination. 5. To compare the experimental and theoretical results. Procedure 1.Note the length and the diameter of each wire and the distance between their centers. 2. Remove the slotted link and suspend the hanger from the demoralise and of the slide attached to one of the wires. 3. Apply a range of increasing loads and note the corresponding extension of the wire. 4. Do not allow the wire to exceed its elastic limit. 5. Plot a graph of load against extension, and from the slope of the straight-line graph, determine the value of Youngs Modulus of Elasticity of the wire. a. Repeat this procedure for the other wire. b. Replace the slotted link and suspend the hanger from its edge placed at the center of the link. The length of one of the wires may require to be adjusted until the link is level.Small adjustment to the length of either one of the wires may be obtained by applying a supplementary load to its slide using another hanger. Place a load (W) on the fundamental hanger and maintain a common extension in the wires (i. e. level condition) by adjusting the position of the knife-edge on the link. Note the new position of the load measured from the center of the left-hand wire. Note the magnitude of the applied load and the common extension of the wires. Repeat over a range of increasing loads. Tabulate the results and plot a graph of the load (W) against the extension (X) of the change wire arrangement. Diagram and calculations S/No. Force (N) fs (MPa) fb (MPa) fe (MPa) ee * 10-4 Ee (Pa) * 1010 1 2 3 4 5 Experiment No. 6 Deflection of a simply supported beam OBJECTIVES To find the slope and deflection of a simply supported beam with point load at the centre and prove the results mathematically. APPARATUS 5. HST 61 with complete accessories 6. Vernier caliper, micrometer, meter rod, etc. pic PROCEDURE 1. Set up the two end supports at 1m span and insert the thick steel beam in the end and fixtures. 2. Place a load hanger and squeeze at mid span and site up a dial gauge to measure the deflection at the load point. 3.Check that the end supports are free top dislocate as the beam deflects. 4. Read the support rotation gauge and central deflection gauge. 5. Add load by increments of 1N up to 10 N recording the dial gauge reading and hence move the load by the same decrements to obtain a duplicate set of readings. 6. Plot the end rotations and central deflection against the load. Observations and Calculations S/NO. LOAD (N) toss Deflection conjectural suppositional slope deflection central central Y = ? WL3/48EI WL2/16EI Experiment No. 7 Deflection of a cantilever beam OBJECTIVE To verify the slope and deflection of a cantilever beam experimentally and theoretically. APPARATUS 1. HST 61 with complete accessories 2. Vernier Caliper, micrometer, meter rod etc. pic PROCEDURE 1. Clamp th e thicker steel strip (2. 64 mm) in the position shown in diagram so that it forms a cantilever. 2. Fix the hanger clamp (0. 3m) from the fixed support and frame-up a dial guage over it. 3. Apply a load in increments of 1 /2 N up to about 5N reading the gauge at each load. 4. Plot a graph of deflection against load Observations and Calculations S/NO. LOAD (N) Slope Deflection Theoretical Theoretical slope deflection RESULTS 1. From the graph obtained, the best fit linear relationship between displacement and load the steel strip, compares the graidient with the theoretical value. 2. Comment on the accuracy of the theoretical results. Experiment No. Deflection of an overhang beam To find the deflection of overhanging arm beam and confirm the results theoretically OBJECTIVE To verify the slope and deflection of a overhang beam experimentally and theoretically. APPARATUS 3. HST 61 with complete accessories 4. Vernier Caliper, micrometer, meter rod etc. PROCEDURE 5. Clamp the thicker steel strip in the position shown in diagram so that it forms a overhang. 6. Fix the hanger clampahead from the roller support and setup a dial guage over it. 7. Apply a load in increments of 1 /2 N up to about 5N reading the gauge at each load. 8. Plot a graph of deflection against load Observations and Calculations S/NO. LOAD (N) Slope Deflection Theoretical Theoretical slope deflection RESULTS 3. From the graph obtained, the best fit linear relationship between displacement and load the steel strip, compares the graidient with the theoretical value. 4. Comment on the accuracy of the theoretical results. Experiment No. 9. Shear center for a channel OBJECTIVE To determine the share centre of a channel section cantilever and to draw the graph between notch distance and gauge readings. APPARATUS 7. Unsymmetrical cantilever 8. Rigid based domicile, weights 9. String, block 10. Calibrated r ing 11. Grid, two dial gauges PROCEDURE 7. Turn the routable head, so that the cantilever section is positioned relative to the pulley. 8.Fit the share assessory to the top of the cantilever and turn the dial gauge so that they rest against the attachment. The grooves in the notched bar have the spacing of 5 mm. 9. Turn the scales of the dial gauges until they read zero. 10. Tie the force to the left hand notch. force out the pulley to the left and hang the weight hanger on the end of the string. Put a weight of 1 Kg on the hanger so that the total weight is 1,5Kg. 11. Adjust the pulley position until the string is parallel to the lines on the pulley bracket. Record the reading of the both dial gauges. 12. Move the string to the next notch. Readjust the pulley position, Record the dial gauges readings. 13.Repeat for each notch position. Results Experimental position of Shear Center from the outside of the web. Theoretical position Channel Shear Center is h = B-2 A-2 t / IA Experim ent No. 10 Unsymmetrical Bending of a Cantilever Beam Direction of pullDisplacement Applied load (Kg) (degrees) . 5 1. 0 1. 5 2. 0 2. 5 3. 0 U V 22. 5 U V 45 U V 67. U V 90 U V 112. 5 U V 135 U V 157. U V 180 U V Direction of pullDisplacement Applied load (Kg) (degrees) . 5 1. 0 1. 5 2. 0 2. 5 3. 0 0 L R 22. L R 45 L R 67. 5 L R 90 L R 112. L R 135 L R 157. 5 L R 180 L R Experiment No. 11 Bending Moment in Beams S. No. Load (N) Balance Reading (N)/ Net Force (N) W1 W2 W3 1 2 3 4 S. No. Load (N) Balnce Moment (N. mm)/ Theoretical Val. 1 2 3 4 Experiment No. 13 Study and Application of experimental photoelasticty techniques on linear dismantle propagation analys is. OBJECTIVESTo acquaint the students with the Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics in context with photoealsticity and orientation course and understanding of operation off different types of polariscopes. THEORY The name photoelasticity reflects the nature of this experimental method photo implies the use of light rays and optical techniques, while elasticity depicts the study of stresses and deformations in elastic bodies. Photoelastic analysis is widely used for problems in which stress or strain information is required for extended regions of the structure. Photo elastic stress analysis is a simple and powerful tool for de pledge engineers that set aside them with the experimental data required for validating analytical and computational designs.In using this method, a transparent plastic model of the structural part of the elevator car element under study is first made. Then the specimen was placed in the polariscope, and the simulating operating force was applied. When exam ined in the polarized light field provided by the instrument, color bang patterns are seen which reveal A visible picture of the stress distribution over the whole area of the specimen. Stress distribution which is accurately well-defined at any point for both direction and magnitude. ii types of pattern can be obtained isochromatics and isoclinics. These patterns are related to the principal-stress differences and to the principal-stress directions, respectively. PrinciplesThe method is based on the belongings of birefringence, which is exhibited by certain transparent materials. When polarized light passes through a stressed material, the light separates into two ripple fronts travelling at different velocities, each oriented parallel to the direction of principal stresses(? 1,? 2) in the material but perpendicular to each other. Photoelastic materials exhibit the property of birefringence only on the application of stress and the magnitude of the refractive indices at eac h point in the material is directly related to the state of stress at that point. Thus, the first task is to grow a model made out of such materials. Isoclinics and isochromaticsIsoclinics are the locus of the points in the specimen along which the principal stresses are in the same direction. Isochromatics are the locus of the points along which the difference in the first and second principal stress remains the same. Thus they are the lines which join the points with equal maximum shear stress magnitude. Interpretation of the Photoelastic Pattern Once the fringes obtained by application of load on photoelasic specimen the most important step is interpretation of complete stress field. The photoelastic fringe pattern data offer suggestion to modify design to avoid from material failure. It is also helpful in reducing average stress on actual part.Complete stress field interpretation include principal stress directions as well as magnitude of stresses on different fringe order. pic Stimulated stress field pattern in white light for typical edge crack base The photoelastic pattern appears as a colorful map of lines of equal color. Beginning at the lower level line of stress and progressing to areas of higher level, the colour sequence observed allow be black, yellow, red, blue, yellow, red, green, yellow, red, green etc. The colour transmission from red to blue and from red to green is sharply marked. pic polarimeter Polariscope It is an instrument which consists of two polaroid plates mounted apart.The lower plate is generally fixed and is known as the polariser, while the upper plate can be rotated and is known as the analyser. Types 1. Reflection Polariscope Particularly it is used to photoelastically stress-analyze opaque plastic parts. The part to be analyzed is coated with a photoelastic coating, service loads are applied to the part, and coating is illume by polarized light from the reflection polariscope. Molded-in or residual stresses cannot be obs erved with this technique. Fig. 13. 1 Typical reflection periscope on tripod stand 2. Transmission Polariscope. This type is reclaimable for stress analysis if component is of transparent or glassy material.All transparent plastics, being birefringent, lend themselves to photoelastic stress analysis. The transparent part is placed between two polarizing mediums and viewed from the opposite side of the light source. In these experiments we will be only concerned with highlighting the dependence of stress distribution on geometric features, hence we can use the transparent materials and transmission type polariscope will be used. pic Fig. 13. 2 Transmission Polariscope Two arrangements of transmission polariscope are possible i. e. I. monotone polariscope Plane polariscope is used for direction measurement at a point of principal stresses for a specimen.The setup consists of two linear polarizers and a light source. The light source can either emit monochromatic light or white ligh t depending upon the experiment. first-class honours degree the light is passed through the first polarizer which converts the light into plane polarized light. The apparatus is set up in such a way that this plane polarized light then passes through the stressed specimen. This light then follows, at each point of the specimen, the direction of principal stress at that point. The light is then made to pass through the analyser and we finally get the fringe pattern. The fringe pattern in a plane polariscope setup consists of both the isochromatics and the isoclinics.The isoclinics change with the orientation of the polariscope while there is no change in the isochromatics. For this purpose, set the quarter wave plates on both the analyzer and the polarizer cells at position D (direction) to make the polariscope plane as shown below in fig13. 2 (b) Figure 13. 2 (a)Plane Polariscope Arrangement Figure 13. 2 (b)Pin postion at Plane Polariscope arrangement II. Circular polariscope When examining the model for determination of the stress distribution and magnitude, the polariscope must be transformed from a shroud to a CIRCULAR operation.This is done by first making sure the clamp A is in the locked position and then withdrawing pins B on the ? wave plate from the hole D (direction) and rotating them until pins engage in hole M (magnitude). Now quarter wave plate is at 45 degrees to the polarizer-analyzer axis thusly polariscope is in circular light operation Figure13. 3Circular Polariscope Arrangement( lousiness field) There are four different kinds of arrangements for the circular polariscope. Each arrangement produces either a dark field arrangement or a light field arrangement. In dark field arrangement, the fringes are shown by bright lines and the background is dark. The opposite holds true for the light field arrangement. Quarter Wave-Plates Arrangement Polarizers Arrangement Polariscope Field Crossed parallel of latitude Light Crossed Crossed Dark Pa rallel Parallel Light Parallel Crossed Dark Experiment No. 14 Calculation of direction and magnitude of principal stresses using transmission polariscope. OBJECTIVES ) Application of photoelastic techniques to measure the direction of Principal Stresses at a point b) Calculation of magnitude of principal stresses by interpreting the fringe data. Apparatus Apparatus required to achieve the stated objectives are Transmission polariscope test specimen of different shapes Load measuring dial gauge Vernier Caliper and measurement Rod Construction of Transmission Polariscope The basic polariscope consists of Rigid base frame ready to receive all of the modular accessory items. Two cells equipped with polarizing filters. Knob H used to synchronously rotate the polarizer and analyzer (their common motion is indicated in degrees in the graduated dial). The quarter wave plate which can be used to convert plane polariscope into circular and vice versa. Fig 13. 2 show these components .. Specimen prepration In this experiment we are using photoelastic sheets (Polyurethane material) The photoelastic sheet was made into different specimens as stated below a) specimen with holes drilled. b) specimen with cracks, which is manually cut c) specimens with notches Typical single edge crack specimen 2-D model is shown in fig. 14. Fig. 14. 1 PROCEDURE Measurement of Direction of Principal Stresses at a Point To measure the direction of the principal stresses at a point in the specimen we follow the following steps Place the specimen in the polariscope making sure that the specimen is adjust correctly within the clamps, hence avoiding any twisting of the specimen. Apply load (compressive or tensile) by turning the loading screw. Set the quarter wave plates on both the analyzer and the polarizer cells at position D to make the polariscope plane (Fig 13. 2 b). By means of knob C rotate the analyzer until pointer P is positioned at 0 and 100 on the scale. Release the clam p A if it was locked previously and by means of knob H rotate the whole assembly during this rotation some black and all the colored fringes will be observed to move. These black fringes which move are the isoclinics. Identify the point of measurement using a grease pencil or scriber.By means of knob H rotate the polarizer-analyzer assembly until a black isoclinic crosses over the marked point. At this point the axes of the polarizer and analyzer are parallel and perpendicular to the directions of the principal stresses and their directions can be seen from the scale by a pointer V. The rotation of the assembly may be clockwise or anti-clockwise in order to accommodate this, sign is used with the value of this direction angle. The positive sign is used for clockwise rotation and negative is used for counter clockwise. Magnitude calculations ? The polariscope, and the digital photographic camera are turned on ? Specimen undergoes tensile force/compressive load in Transmission Polar iscope with one end fixed as in fig 13. 2 Fringes formed and photographed by digital camera ? A gradual tension was then added onto specimen and record the load reading by using dial-guage ? Print and interpret fringe pattern obtained in photographs according to the procedure explained. Formulation for Stress Distribution When examining the specimen for determination of the stress distribution and magnitude, the polariscope must be transformed from a PLANE to a CIRCULAR operation. This is done by first making sure the clamp A is in the locked position and then withdrawing pins B on the ? wave plate from the hole D (direction) and rotating them until pins engage in hole M (magnitude).Now quarter wave plate is at 45 degrees to the polarizer-analyzer axis thus polariscope is in circular light operation. Difference of principal stresses is given by (1 (2 = (N * C)/t Where N=fringe order at point of measurement C= stress constant of specimen material T = specimen thickness C is usually given by manufacturer. Thus the remaining egress to be found is N which can be found according to color pattern as mention in the topic of interpretation of fringe pattern. CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS S/No. Applied load Thickness of Fringe Order Direction of Direction of Magnitude of Magnitude of lbs/. 01 inch specimen N principal stress principal stress principal stress principal stress t (threotcal value) (threotcal value) 1 2 3 4 5 POINTS TO PONDER 1. What will be the magnitude of shear stress at a plane of principle stress? 2. Describe the functions of plane polriscope vs circular polriscope. 3. Describe the importance of calculation of stresses with reference to safety factor in engineering design. 4. Discuss the region of maximum stress for specimen used in experiments and explain with reasoning. 5. In case of residual stresses as a result of specimen machining which recovery method is preferable and why?